INTRODUCTION
- Cosa significava vivere nel regime fascista?
La vita a quei tempi poteva seguire tre strade: la repubblica di Salò, l’antifascismo o vivere imboscato da qualche parte. Ma per fare quella vita bisognava avere persone che ti aiutassero, infatti se la potevano permettere solo in pochi. Poi c’erano i ragazzi come me che sceglievano di non schierarsi, non per ideali ma perché semplicemente non conoscevano altre vie. L’antifascismo per me è iniziato dopo la morte di mio padre per mano dei fascisti, lo pestarono a morte solamente perchè portava addosso la sciarpa con i colori del Bologna.
Per farvi capire che cosa significava vivere nel regime fascista, vi racconto un breve episodio legato alla peculiarity of the name William. It comes from a character in a book that was very dear to my mother, (One Day in Madeira) focused on the problem of marriage among TB patients. This name, especially after the death of my father, I cost so much because the penalties suffered when Mussolini took all the English names and replaced them with Italian ones, for the Fascist regime my name is Roman. Obviously my real name was given to my mother and not imposed by someone else, so every time I called Roman and I did not time the Fascists brutally crushed me. One day, after having beaten more than usual, I download with a wooden cart in front of the house swollen and bruised from beatings. They knocked the portone di casa e se ne andarono. La mia sorella che venne ad aprire neanche mi riconobbe da come mi avevano conciato. Dopo questo episodio giurai a me stesso che da quel giorno non avrei preso più botte dai fascisti, una notte alle due e mezzo mi alzai partì e lascai le mie due sorelle che rividi solo due anni più tardi.
- Sei venuto a conoscenza della resistenza tramite il partito o tramite altre fonti?
Sono venuto a conoscenza della resistenza e delle brigate partigiane subito tramite il partito perché per la vita che facevo sarebbe stato impossibile farlo autonomamente. Lavoravo fin dall’età di nove anni, tutti i giorni partivo la mattine alle sette e tornavo a casa la sera a mezzanotte quindi avevo time just to sleep and start the next day other issue was that in those days the media like the radio in my country there were not so there was no easy way to get the news. Just think about it, he wanted to know the results of football my favorite team had runs two kilometers on foot to reach the nearest radio.
- What were the very first tasks you were assigned, and what the most difficult?
The very first task I was assigned to prepare and use explosives. I did assemble pieces of plastic, which I threw over the British and American air parachute, from this point of view gli alleati ci hanno sempre rifornito.
Sicuramente il compito più difficile era portare alle madri dei compagni caduti la notizia. Quando capivano che non c’era più niente da fare mi dicevano con le ultime forze “Tito, vai da mia mamma e dille che non ho sofferto”. E io ci andavo. Quanti giovani come voi ho visto morire accanto a me...
- Che cosa ti senti di dire sulle “violenze private” perpetrate dai partigiani nel dopo guerra dopo la caduta del regime fascista?
Nel dopo guerra c’èrano tante persone che risultavano far parte delle squadre partigiane o all’interno del partito comunista le quali non avevano mai combattuto; gente che aderì alla resistenza only after the end of the fighting. It happened sometimes that people like these take advantage of their role within their organizations, only to grow back personal accounts. Opportunists.
Many fascists who had fled to Brazil or Argentina during and immediately after the war, returned to Italy in 47'-48 ', these individuals thought that after two years outside the national borders would have been pardoned by the court of the partisans. Invariably they were found dead the next day, there was nothing to do. In Romagna this happened very often, that's why Pansa could speculate about the resistance. But Mr. Pansa forget that these were characters from the past of the executioner.
- Quale era la disciplina all’interno delle brigate?
La disciplina era molto ferrea: mai bere per ubriacarsi, mai molestare una donna, mai abbandonare i compagni nello scontro. In particolare, durante il combattimento, se avevi un’arma automatica dovevi essere sempre l’ultimo a rientrare in modo che i compagni potessero assicurarsi di ripiegare in sicurezza e, se venivi catturato, ovviamente non dovevi parlare, nemmeno sotto tortura. Questo era facilitato anche dal fatto che ognuno di noi non conosceva il nome reale degli altri compagni, tutti avevamo un nome di battaglia.
- Cosa voleva dire essere un Gappista?
Essere nei GAP era forse perggio che essere nelle squadre partigiane. Nelle brigate e nell’esercito di liberazione combattevi sul fronte, il gappista invece doveva eseguire le sentenze dei comitati di liberazione. Ci ritrovavamo in 32 persone in una cantina, tre estratti a caso dovevano partire per eseguire la sentenza; prima di giustiziare il condannato, essa doveva essere letta a voce alta.
Non era facile, il condannato era pur sempre un uomo, magari con una famiglia. La lettura della sentenza e della condanna erano spesso accompagnate da urla e lacrime, ma daltronde si era in guerra, coloro che condannavo come avevan ucciso mio padre avevano ucciso o fatto uccidere molti altri, erano responsabili di varie atrocità.
A me in quanto gappista davano la caccia senza sosta. Mi spostavo di continuously to avoid being caught and killed. For two years I stayed two nights in one place.
- What were the brigades relations with the civilian population?
Civilians were our strength. If it were not for their cooperation not sure we could make it. They gave us shelter, we assist, given food, even if it meant for them rimenere without eating.
- What role did women in the resistance?
Basic. It is believed that the relay has been a marginal role, but in reality was just as important as fighting in the front line. In addition, under the skirts, carrying food, messages, but also many weapons for the partisans. Precisely for this reason they too were persecuted, many have died.
- acceding to only think the resistance to the liberation of Italy or a revolution?
I wanted to change the world. After living fascism and war, and watched with admiration the Soviet experience, I was hoping that the change came here too.
What do you think of the recent tendency toward partisans and Republicans equate to?
It is a shameful thing. For being partisan, give me € 15 more per month pension, the old Republican members of the tenth or the old farmhouse they give more than double, 38 €. There is absolutely no right. It is not a question of money, but the principle to be deeply unjust. The Republicans, in recent years of the war, the invaders were in the same way, while we have given up everything to liberate Italy. Today, with the Berlusconi government, with the league and up to some time ago with Fini, estimated six more if you are a former Republican who is a former partisan. Let us remember that we gave blood to get to write the Constitution, being able to create a card among the most advanced in the world, and it is therefore clearly in opposition to fascism and all that represents the Republic of Salò.
- Why if CLN 95% of people were left, including communists and socialists, the first government was now the majority in DC?
As in the countries liberated by the Red Army is established a communist government, so in the countries liberated by the Allies, they made sure that governments did establish a counterweight to the Soviet Union. Their influence was evident, for example, did not allow Communist brigades to march with the red handkerchief in the free city, but the most striking fact was surely the assassination of Togliatti. In fact, if they wanted to kill him, it would not take anything. It was a clear attempt to provoke popular uprisings and give it the pretext to invade the American ships and prosecution, as had happened shortly first in Greece.
- tells us when you have freed the prison in Bologna?
We disguised as fascists and Nazis and pretend we did to bring the prisoners inside. At night the guard was not high. Once inside we could easily get rid of the real fascists and to open the cells to free his teammates. However, there was disguised so well that we recognized nemeno mates. You should know that the fascists had a habit to believe the prisoners can get out and then shoot them, so at first they were afraid and did not want to leave the cell. But in the end we were approved and released at the prison.
- Thank you very much for your time, you want you conclude this interview?
Thank you. I only say, please forward your ideas, do not ever give up! Respect among peers always with each other, even if you think otherwise. Ascoltatevi and discuss, there is that you do change your mind to him or him to make you change your mind.
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