INTRODUCTION
- What did it mean to live in the fascist regime?
For those who did not agree with regimesignificava fear, hunger and misery, just do not have the piece of the beam to become a victim of political persecution. Conversely, if you had backed the scheme provisions, una posizione sociale più alta, potevi fare carriera; insomma avevi il futuro assicurato per te e per i tuoi figli. Un esempio è appunto il cibo: chi aveva la tessera riceveva un etto di pane, anche se non si sapeva bene con cosa era fatto, un etto e mezzo chi lavorava, e così per lo zucchero e altri cibi elementari.
Vivere nel regime fascista significava vivere in un indottrinamento che partiva fin da quando eri piccolo. Nelle scuole primarie eri “figlio della lupa”, dopo “balilla”, successivamente “giovane fascista”: chiaramente solo i figli delle famiglie benestanti arrivavano a quest’ultima categoria, cioè chi frequentava i licei e università; essi erano formati per diventare the future leaders of the regime.
Repression against anti-fascists at the time of the Nazi occupation escalated with the birth of the Republic of Salò. They were called up for military youth aged 17 and older, those who rejected automatically became a draft dodgers, and then outlawed, persecuted, and therefore if taken shot without trial.
At that moment in history there were three routes: either to remain faithful to the beam and become a Republican, or enter the partisan brigades, or take to the bush. Most of the people was a refugee, often with the peasants, or joined the partisans in the mountains.
- Who brought you to Acquaintances "volunteers for freedom"?
in recent years of the war, the Communist Party, socialist propaganda and action pledged to do so that young people are enrolled in the new anti-fascist bodies of volunteers to leave, especially, northern Italy.
was indeed a major policy decision taken by all the anti-fascist parties.
- There were women volunteers in the army of liberation?
No, the army was not yet allowed them to enter. In the partisan factions instead, the role of women was very important, like that of men.
In the army the only women present were the Red Cross, however, we avevamo soltanto un prete: un uomo di un’audacia unica, non si faceva problemi a gettarsi sul campo a recuperare i feriti. Non aveva paura nemmeno di morire, forse aveva fretta di andare in paradiso.
- Che rapporti c’erano tra voi e la popolazione civile?
La popolazione ci appoggiava in tutto, se fosse stata contraria non ce l’avremmo mai fatta. In particolar modo l’aiuto dei contadini era decisivo in quanto ci sfamavano. Per dare il cibo ai soldati veniva talvolta sequestrato ai loro i viveri, tuttavia era regola rilasciare un buono in modo che, dopo la guerra, venissero risarciti adeguatamente.
Qualcuno se ne sarà anche approfittato, ma il regolamento era questo, ed era giusto perchè altrimenti l’esercito non avrebbe potuto sopravvivere, ma non si poteva nemmeno rubare il cibo alla gente.
- Quali sono i motivi politici che ti hanno spinto a partecipare alla resistenza? speravi in un furo migliore? In una rivoluzione socialista?
Il nostro obiettivo comunque era quello di arrivare alla rivoluzione socialista; alle prime elezioni In Toscana il partito comunista e socialista presero molti voti, ma a livello nazionale non andò così, la DC stravinse.
Ovviamente speravamo nella Russia sovietica, volevamo fare come loro, vincere le elezioni, fondare cooperative di operai ecc.
Ma anche quando ci fu l’attentato a Togliatti la rivoluzione non partì perchè According to him, the American ships were ready to intervene in case of rebellion red. We had occupied the factories and the station, even by those who were the police told us "if something happens to us we go ..." The victory of the DC
stopped everything. It was obvious that had major external support, their propaganda was widespread especially in places such as churches, women were to say "if the Communist votes go to hell", there would also be asked as they used to be so rooted in the territory when the liberation committees were a minority. Then we realized we were heavy
the aftermath of the regime: the fascism of the police made it possible la repressione dello sciopero. Quante se n’è prese... facevano caroselli con le jeep, e poi manganellate e lacrimogeni. Nonostante la presenza fascista nelle forze dell’ordine c’è da dire che anche se qualcuno nell’arma non era fascista si limitava a eseguire gli ordini senza discutere.
Poi morì Berlinguer... poi altre divisioni...
- Che rapporto c’era con le armate alleate?
Il rapporto era buono, il nostro capitano era inglese, dopo la guerra il nostro plotone si riunì e ricevette le lodi del generale Alexander in persona.
Dato che eravamo gente comune gli alleati pensavano che non fossimo abituati alla guerra e che saremmo fuggiti in combattimento. Ma i our ideals were so strong that they keep us fighting on the front. It is obvious that we all fear, and maybe someone has sometimes been a step back, but went ahead anyway. Also we were little more than boys.
- What could you say about the recent revisionism of the left and on the so-called "private vengeance"?
At the time of release seemed all anti-fascists, even those who initially had fascist comfortable. Those still loyal to the regime were in most cases taken and forced to work or beaten, but still men against men and women against women. At Empoli, for example the wife of a notorious fascist was shaved from the other women with pruning shears, you had see how she was ugly. The
Empoli however have been too lenient with the fascists who survived the war, very few of them were killed on their return. After the war ended, however, soldiers were sent to control the streets to prevent disturbances.
They can also settle for the fascists to liverpool, he went too well.
But in the end, however, the fascists "who counted" were saved.
- What were the living conditions of the volunteers for liberty, as were equipped?
When we arrived at the barracks of Cesano noticed immediately that they were without lights, windows, doors and beds, they gave us the mattress to sleep on, a uniform and a blanket. E meno male che dovevamo essere trattati come gli inglesi.
Ci addestrarono per 28 giorni e poi subito in battaglia. Avevamo in dotazione l’MK1, i Thomson e lo Stan inglese, e eravamo addestrati tutti sui pezzi anticarro.
- Ci potresti raccontare un episodio che ci faccia capire cosa voleva dire essere in guerra?
Eravamo in provincia di Ravenna. Avevamo di fronte la terza e la quarta divisione paracadutista tedesca. Ci furono dei problemi con i mezzi di comunicazione, il telegrafo si era rotto, ci trovammo troppo avanzati sul fronte prendendoci le cannonate sia dai tedeschi che dagli alleati. Cercarono di mandarci il telegrafista a piedi con l’ordine ma pestò una mina e morì. Ma alla fine ci salvammo able to retreat.
the next day with the help of a brigade composed entirely of Jews managed to break through enemy lines and from then on we met no more resistance to Bologna and then in Veneto.
- What is the relationship you had with your family during the war of liberation?
My mother cried a lot, poor woman. He did not want I left. We were writing letters using the military mail. For each soldier was given a number to which the family could write but could not know where I was.
- How do you think were born in the new fascist youth movements?
inanza all ignorance, they are often homeless, children of fascist thugs, otherwise it would quelllo they do. Also funded are certainly right dallla also alleged moderate, as the fascists at the time were funded by landowners. I do not fear any case, they return to earth, as now even the bosses want the ritrorno the scheme.
- What new perspectives ANPI?
we grow old, and many of us are gone. To keep alive the association, the congress of 2006 it was decided to open membership to the youth, otherwise it would end like anppia ANPI. Our charter now says "those who defend the anti-fascism, the establishment and resistenza hanno pari valore dei partigiani, cioè coloro che hanno combattuto all’epoca”.
- Che cosa ne pensi della recente tendenza di mettere sullo stesso piano partigiani e repubblichini?
Non mi fa bestemmiare! I repubblichini erano coloro che sventravano donne incinte con le baionette e giocavano al tiro al piattello usando i bambini al posto del piattello, erano delinquenti, avanzi di galera anche se i nazisti hanno fatto peggio.
- Che consiglio daresti alla sinistra dei giorni nostri?
Ci vuole unità! Bisogna riuscire a riunire tutti sotto un solito programma. La realtà è che la rivoluzione era possibile farla prima del 21 quando vi was a single party, the Socialist, in the time we had the numbers to do so. Today we see the results of the disgrezione going on for almost a century.
Until there is unity in the left-right will always win because they have more disposable income and are prepared to play their role well.
- What do you think of the fact that today, the flag is associated with increasingly far right instead of the liberation struggle?
I tell you only that the flag was given to us that we were fighting against the Nazi invaders in all respects. It was they who betray the people of the den, so the flag.
They would like to use the tricolor as a symbol? They all just came together under the black!
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